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Figure 4. Lipid mediators (LM) are differentially altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients accord- ing to clinical disease phase. LM were isolated from plasma of healthy subjects (n=15), relapsing MS (n=14), remitting MS (n=12), and progressive MS (n=12) patients and analyzed by liquid chro- matography tandem mass spectrometry. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of the LM pro- file. (Top) 3D score plot. (Bottom) 3D loading plot. (B) Heat map of LM fingerprint. Pro-inflammatory LM are shown in red, anti-inflammatory/pro- resolving LM are shown in green and pathway intermediates in black (C-E) Selected values of LM of AA metabolome (C), DHA metabolome (D), and EPA metabolome (E) from healthy subjects, relapsing, remitting and progressive MS patients. Data are presented as means pg/mL±standard error of mean. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test.
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