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Functional switching of leukemic cells by stromal contact
of mutation-driven clonal evolution in leukemic blasts (Online Supplementary Figure S14). These findings thus pro- vide further insight into the multiple mechanisms for devel- opment of drug-resistance that could generate leukemic cells with distinct characteristics and chemoresistance, highlighting the importance of the microenvironment in this process. This supports the need for better defining the mechanisms of drug resistance in leukemia patients, and could lead to the development of more comprehensive management of leukemic diseases.
Disclosures
No conflicts of interest to disclose.
Contribution
HRL, GYL, EWK, HJK performed experiments and collected data, MHL performed experiments on genomics and statistical analysis of data; RHK conceptualized research, provided study
materials and wrote the manuscript; IHO conceptualized idea and research, supervised research, wrote the manuscript and provided financial support
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Lee, Jeong-Hwa (College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea) for the kind supply of bis knock-out mice and Dr. Kang, Chang-Yul (College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University) for the kind supply of mice lacking the IL-4 receptor and Life Science Editors for manuscript editing. We thank Dr. Jin- A Kim for help in clinical data processing. We also thank the Department of Biostatistics of the Catholic Research Coordinating Center for statistical support.
Funding
This study was supported by the NRF of Korea and funded by Ministry of Science, ICT, & Future Planning (2017M3A9B3061947)
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