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Iron deficiency and thrombosis
prevention of ID-related thrombotic disease. Patient blood management may thus be of particular importance in inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, chronic kidney dis- ease, or even in the postoperative setting in patients with preexisting IDA or major surgical blood loss.45 Both IDA and anemia of chronic disease should be considered con- ditions in which there is a high risk of thrombosis. In chronic disease the induction of hepcidin blocks the release of iron from enterocytes, macrophages, and hepa- tocytes. Iron remains sequestered from the circulation, resulting in a functional ID. Clearly more studies are need- ed to explore the interplay between disease, ID, and thrombosis and to determine whether our results can be translated into the clinical setting.
Disclosures
CG has received research support, lecturing or consulting hon- oraria from AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals, Biogena Naturstoffe GmbH, Insightra Inc., Shire Inc., and Vifor Int.
Contributions
KJ designed and carried out experiments, performed the statis- tical analysis and wrote the manuscript. FL and AL contributed to the experimental design, performed animal experiments and critically reviewed the manuscript. GS performed the PFA-100
and Multiplate aggregometry measurements and critically reviewed the manuscript. PS contributed to establishing the arte- rial thrombosis model and flow measurements and critically reviewed the manuscript. A-MK contributed to establishing the venous thrombosis model and critically reviewed the manuscript. AK assisted in experiments and critically reviewed the experi- ments. JF and TH contributed to venous thrombosis imaging and critically reviewed the manuscript. RE conceptualized and designed experiments, evaluated the statistical analysis, and crit- ically reviewed the manuscript. VK contributed to the experimen- tal design and editing the manuscript as well as critically review- ing it. CG supervised the study design, received funding, and edited and critically reviewed the manuscript.
Acknowledgments
We thank the Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology at the Medical University of Vienna for the use of their Slide Scanner. We also thank Irene Lang’s group at the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II at the Medical University of Vienna for their initial guidance regarding the high frequency ultrasound analysis of venous thrombi.
Funding
This project was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (P 27681).
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