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H.J.C.M. Wouters et al.
globin concentration decreased with age (Online Supplementary Figure S2B,D). Over 90% of the anemic individuals had mild anemia [>10 g/dL, (> 6.2 mmol/L)]. In individuals younger than 60 years the presence of ane- mia did not have any impact on overall survival (Figure
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study cohort.
Anemic individuals
1B). In contrast, the overall survival of anemic individuals older than 60 years was significantly lower than that of non-anemic individuals older than 60 years (Figures 1C).
The mean of the total HRQoL score was significantly lower in anemic individuals in all age groups than in non-
Men/women
Age (years)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
Creatinine (μmol/L)
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min)
HbA1c (%)
Glucose (mmol/L)
Leukocytes (109/L)
Platelets (109/L)
Number of medications
Multiple drug use
Non-smokers/former
smokers/current smokers
(N=5510)
551 (10.0)/4959 (90.0)
Non-anemic individuals (N=133160)
57283 (43.0)/75877 (57.0)
44.3 ± 12.7
25.4 (23.1 - 28.2)
74 ± 13
97± 15
5.5 ± 0.4
5.0 ± 0.8
6.1 ± 1.8
249±56
2(1–3)
12360 (9.3)
62228 (46.7)/42411 (31.8)/28521 (21.4)
P-value <0.001
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
43.4 ± 11.9
24.2 (22.1 - 27.2)
69 ± 18
98 ± 17
5.6 ± 0.5
4.9 ± 0.8
5.6 ± 1.7
278 ± 70
2 (1 – 3)
712 (12.9)
3048 (55.3)/1754 (31.8)/708 (12.8)
Data are given as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) when not normally distributed, or n (%). HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.
Figure 1. Prevalence of anemia and overall survival in individuals younger and older than 60 years. (A) The prevalence of anemia as a function of sex and age. (B) Overall survival of non-anemic and anemic individuals younger than 60 years. (C) Overall survival of non-anemic and anemic individuals older than 60 years.
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haematologica | 2019; 104(3)